Release Healer Man 0.1.26

PLAYTEST_NOTES.md

@@ -1854,3 +1854,141 @@ Vite's existing large-chunk advisory remains informational.
 - Verification passed all 1,133 Vitest cases across 208 files. The production
   build completed with 974 modules transformed; arena, KTX2, and environment-
   performance audits remained green, and the release-candidate check passed.
+
+# 2026-09-09 — dungeon wall and nameplate performance regressions
+
+- The 0.1.24 material fallback honored BLEND tags on legacy WoW WMO walls,
+  floors, and ceilings, disabling their depth writes. WoW environments now use
+  their authored material roles again; RuneWaker environments retain their
+  source MASK/BLEND semantics. Shipped Wailing Caverns wall materials, vines,
+  and water are covered by regression tests.
+- The 0.1.25 boss-name occlusion scanned the complete rendered scene with
+  Three.js raycasts. A live Kalin's Shrine CPU profile was dominated by triangle
+  intersection and vertex decoding. Boss names and nearby NPC prompts now use
+  bounded camera-to-label queries against Rapier's existing physical spatial
+  index, at most ten times per second, skipping offscreen labels. Walls, floors,
+  and ceilings occlude labels; actors and trigger sensors do not.
+- In an isolated offline Edge playtest at 1440 x 900 on an AMD RX 9070 XT,
+  Kalin's Shrine improved from about 10 FPS (98.5 ms/frame, 167 draw calls,
+  DPR 1.125) to 55.5-56.1 FPS (17.8-18.0 ms/frame, 168-170 draw calls,
+  DPR 1.5). This is a representative entrance/combat comparison, not an audit
+  of all thirty RoM dungeons. The environment alone took about 0.8 ms CPU and
+  0.5 ms GPU with 14 draw calls.
+- Wailing Caverns screenshots show continuous opaque cavern walls and ceilings.
+  A controlled toggle of the old material flags reproduced the missing wall
+  sections at the same camera position; restoring depth-writing materials fixed
+  them. Its full scene ran at about 57 FPS. No uncaught client errors appeared.
+- Evidence and repeatable local benchmark helpers are under
+  `playtest-artifacts/2026-09-09-dungeon-rendering/`: `kalin-before.cpuprofile`,
+  `kalin-after.cpuprofile`, `kalin-after-metrics.json`, `kalin-before.png`,
+  `kalin-after.png`, `wailing-regression.png`, and `wailing-restored.png`.
+- All 26 focused material, label occlusion, combat sight, aggro visibility,
+  instancing, and NPC-prompt tests passed. Physical-occlusion tests exercise
+  actual Rapier worlds rather than just source-code assertions.
+
+# 2026-09-09 — campaign rendering audit and Thor performance preparation
+
+- Audited the actual visual GLB headers for all 54 WoW campaign dungeons:
+  9,402 materials, including 3,586 legacy BLEND materials restored to opaque
+  rendering by the shared policy. Every WoW package contained affected
+  materials. A permanent shipped-asset test covers all 54 definitions and
+  retains explicit cutout, blend, and additive roles. This is material-policy
+  coverage, not a claim that every room has been visually traversed.
+- Live screenshots checked Wailing Caverns, Shadowfang Keep, Utgarde Pinnacle,
+  the Nexus, and Tinkertech Showdown. The sampled walls, floors, stairs, and
+  ceilings remain solid; authored lighting effects remain transparent. Kalin's
+  Shrine and Forsaken Abbey provided RoM rendering checks. Roster and in-dungeon
+  screenshots show character bodies and equipped weapon silhouettes after the
+  shared character animation change.
+- A controlled Utgarde Pinnacle entrance test found about 1,739 draw calls,
+  1.95 million triangles, and 30.5 FPS on the desktop GPU. Clipping at the
+  existing full-fog distance reduced this to about 209 calls, 567,000 triangles,
+  and 60 FPS at the same viewpoint. The camera now follows each dungeon's fog
+  distance, including transitions that retain the existing Canvas/camera.
+  The background uses the fog color to avoid a clipping seam at the horizon.
+  All 84 dungeon definitions have render-distance coverage.
+- Static dungeon visual transforms are cached until the root or its parent's
+  world transform changes. Tests verify imported matrices, repeated unchanged
+  frames, root movement, and parent movement. Characters, moving world objects,
+  and physics remain outside this immutable visual cache.
+  The final 63-second Utgarde sample held 60 FPS with 213 draw calls:
+  main-thread work averaged 9.2 ms/frame, renderer CPU averaged 7.5 ms
+  (p95 8.3 ms), and GPU averaged 2.7 ms (p95 4.1 ms). Movement and jump input
+  continued to animate the player while the environment remained stationary.
+- Character locomotion and jump clip selections are cached by animation
+  library and weapon stance. The final Kalin CPU profile contains no sampled
+  per-frame base-clip selection/name parsing. Frame-cap deadlines now tolerate
+  sub-millisecond timestamp rounding without drifting or emitting catch-up
+  frames; tests cover 60 FPS on rounded 60 Hz and 120 Hz callbacks.
+- A 31.5-second Kalin sample with a connected browser companion display held
+  60 FPS: main-thread work averaged 8.7 ms/frame, renderer CPU averaged 5.4 ms
+  (p95 5.9 ms), and GPU averaged 2.4 ms (p95 3.4 ms). The companion used about
+  5.1 ms of main-thread time per second. Recent ability-cost snapshot work was
+  not a dominant hotspot in this sample. Startup warmup is bounded to loading;
+  companion snapshots are already limited to ten per second during gameplay.
+- These are isolated offline Edge desktop samples on an AMD RX 9070 XT at
+  1920 x 1080 CSS pixels, DPR 1.5 (2880 x 1620 renderbuffer). Party composition
+  can change between dungeon entries. They do not certify Android performance
+  or sustained busy-combat headroom. ADB listed no connected Android device.
+- Thor acceptance should use the actual model, both native displays, target
+  resolution, and a sustained 20-minute traversal/combat run after warmup.
+  Provisional headroom target: p95 main-thread and GPU work each at or below
+  12 ms, with p99 presented frame intervals within the 16.7 ms 60-FPS budget.
+  Test large pulls, boss effects, menus, and repeated dungeon transitions;
+  record thermal behavior and frame-time spikes, not only average FPS.
+  The environment asset audit still has 60 grandfathered budget exceptions;
+  its green result means no new asset regression, not a Thor FPS guarantee.
+- Evidence is in `playtest-artifacts/2026-09-09-thor-audit/`, including roster,
+  dungeon, and companion screenshots, CPU profiles, and CPU/GPU JSON samples.
+  The full material report is
+  `playtest-artifacts/2026-09-09-dungeon-rendering/wow-material-audit.json`.
+- Validation passed 227 focused tests covering avatar rendering and animation,
+  camera distances, material policies, frame pacing, static transforms, label
+  visibility, and companion snapshots. The final static-cache change also
+  passed the 105-test scene subset. The production build and release-candidate
+  check passed; the existing large-bundle advisory remains.
+
+# 2026-09-09 — additional CPU headroom from culling and shared skeletons
+
+- Prepared dungeon visuals now group static siblings into conservative spatial
+  bounds. One scene hook checks these bounds after the current camera and world
+  matrices update, before Three.js traverses individual meshes. Bounds include
+  complete wall geometry and all instances; lights, animated meshes, and meshes
+  explicitly disabling frustum culling remain outside these groups. The hook
+  supports streamed chunks and restores its predecessor after cleanup.
+- At the same Utgarde Pinnacle entrance, only 16 of 1,383 spatial groups were
+  visible. The renderer examined 108 static meshes instead of 7,002, retaining
+  the same 206 draw calls and 566,913 rendered triangles. Controlled culling
+  toggles produced byte-identical canvas PNGs across eight camera headings.
+- In the same running scene, spatial grouping reduced average main-thread work
+  from 9.45 to 6.83 ms/frame, and renderer CPU from 7.81 to 5.31 ms/frame.
+  Removing containers emptied by static instancing reduced the final fresh-run
+  averages further to 6.49 ms main-thread and 4.85 ms renderer CPU (p95 5.2 ms).
+  The final sample lasted 87.8 seconds and held 60 FPS. Authored empty scene
+  nodes are preserved; only containers emptied by our batching are removed.
+- The shared character renderer still uses SkeletonUtils.clone, then reuses
+  equivalent skeleton palettes within that owned clone. Bone identities, order,
+  and inverse bind matrices must all match; per-mesh bind transforms remain
+  unchanged. Different characters retain independent bones and animations.
+  Owned bone textures are now explicitly disposed during character teardown.
+- A live character audit found 66 skeleton objects for one player palette and
+  256 objects for four party palettes. A Wailing Caverns toggle removed 309
+  duplicate skeletons and produced an identical rendered image. Tests verify
+  posed vertices, differing bind transforms, incompatible palettes, independent
+  cloned characters, and redundant texture disposal.
+  In the same Wailing scene, main-thread work fell from 7.40 to 6.70 ms/frame;
+  renderer CPU fell from 5.51 to 4.86 ms/frame, and allocated GPU textures fell
+  from 292 to 217. This measures palette sharing after spatial culling was
+  already enabled. Both samples held 60 FPS.
+- The final built runtime showed a complete roster body and staff with one
+  skeleton for 66 skinned meshes. Kalin's Shrine showed one player palette and
+  four independent party palettes; walking retained the player body and weapon
+  silhouette. Wailing Caverns and Utgarde screenshots retained solid dungeon
+  surfaces. There were no uncaught client errors during these playtests.
+- All 210 targeted avatar, visibility, instancing, material, camera-distance,
+  and label tests passed. The production build and release-candidate check
+  passed. The existing large-bundle advisory remains.
+- Evidence is under `playtest-artifacts/2026-09-09-static-culling/`: paired PNGs,
+  eight-heading pixel comparisons, profiles, before/after timing JSON, and
+  screenshots. Measurements use the same desktop Edge/RX 9070 XT setup as the
+  preceding audit. These CPU improvements do not certify Thor performance.

package-lock.json

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "healer-man",
-  "version": "0.1.25",
+  "version": "0.1.26",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "healer-man",
-      "version": "0.1.25",
+      "version": "0.1.26",
       "dependencies": {
         "@capacitor/android": "8.4.1",
         "@capacitor/core": "8.4.1",

package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "healer-man",
   "private": true,
-  "version": "0.1.25",
+  "version": "0.1.26",
   "type": "module",
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "vite --host 0.0.0.0",

release-version.json

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 {
-  "versionName": "0.1.25",
-  "versionCode": 1025
+  "versionName": "0.1.26",
+  "versionCode": 1026
 }

src/avatar/CharacterModel.tsx

@@ -25,9 +25,12 @@ import {
   type Material,
   type Mesh,
   type Object3D,
+  type Skeleton,
+  type SkinnedMesh,
   type Texture,
 } from "three";
 import { clone as cloneSkeleton } from "three/examples/jsm/utils/SkeletonUtils.js";
+import { shareClonedSkeletons } from "./sharedSkeletons";
 import type {
   CharacterAppearance,
   ClassId,
@@ -123,6 +126,7 @@ function configureMaterial(material: Material): void {
 
 function cloneAvatarScene(root: Object3D): Object3D {
   const scene = cloneSkeleton(root);
+  shareClonedSkeletons(scene);
   scene.traverse((node) => {
     const mesh = node as Mesh;
     if (!mesh.isMesh) return;
@@ -267,13 +271,17 @@ function LoadedCharacterModel({
 
   useEffect(() => () => {
     const ownedMaterials = new Set<Material>();
+    const ownedSkeletons = new Set<Skeleton>();
     scene.traverse((node) => {
+      const skinned = node as SkinnedMesh;
+      if (skinned.isSkinnedMesh) ownedSkeletons.add(skinned.skeleton);
       const mesh = node as Mesh;
       if (!mesh.isMesh) return;
       const materials = Array.isArray(mesh.material) ? mesh.material : [mesh.material];
       materials.forEach((material) => ownedMaterials.add(material));
     });
     ownedMaterials.forEach((material) => material.dispose());
+    ownedSkeletons.forEach((skeleton) => skeleton.dispose());
   }, [scene]);
 
   useLayoutEffect(() => {
@@ -359,22 +367,33 @@ function LoadedCharacterModel({
       ?? gltf.animations.find((candidate) => candidate.name.toLowerCase().includes(normalized));
   };
 
-  const selectClip = (motion: CharacterBaseMotion): AnimationClip | undefined => (
-    selectCharacterBaseClip(gltf.animations, motion, weaponStance)
-      ?? namedClip(entry.animations[motion])
-      ?? namedClip(entry.animations.idle)
-      ?? gltf.animations[0]
-  );
+  // The GLTF clip library and weapon stance change far less often than frames.
+  // Resolve locomotion once so five party members do not repeatedly parse and
+  // sort the same hundreds of animation names while standing or running.
+  const baseClips = useMemo(() => Object.fromEntries(
+    (["idle", "walk", "run"] as const).map((motion) => [
+      motion,
+      selectCharacterBaseClip(gltf.animations, motion, weaponStance)
+        ?? namedClip(entry.animations[motion])
+        ?? namedClip(entry.animations.idle)
+        ?? gltf.animations[0],
+    ]),
+  ) as Record<CharacterBaseMotion, AnimationClip | undefined>, [gltf.animations, entry.animations, weaponStance]);
+  const verticalClips = useMemo(() => ({
+    rising: [selectCharacterVerticalClip(gltf.animations, "rising", false), selectCharacterVerticalClip(gltf.animations, "rising", true)],
+    falling: [selectCharacterVerticalClip(gltf.animations, "falling", false), selectCharacterVerticalClip(gltf.animations, "falling", true)],
+    landing: [selectCharacterVerticalClip(gltf.animations, "landing", false), selectCharacterVerticalClip(gltf.animations, "landing", true)],
+  }), [gltf.animations]);
 
   const switchMotion = (motion: CharacterLocomotionMotion, moving: boolean) => {
     if (overrideAction.current) return;
     const verticalSelection = motion === "rising" || motion === "falling" || motion === "landing"
-      ? selectCharacterVerticalClip(gltf.animations, motion, moving)
+      ? verticalClips[motion][moving ? 1 : 0]
       : null;
     const fallbackMotion: CharacterBaseMotion = moving ? "run" : "idle";
-    const clip = verticalSelection?.clip ?? selectClip(
-      motion === "idle" || motion === "walk" || motion === "run" ? motion : fallbackMotion,
-    );
+    const clip = verticalSelection?.clip ?? baseClips[
+      motion === "idle" || motion === "walk" || motion === "run" ? motion : fallbackMotion
+    ];
     if (!clip) return;
     if (currentMotion.current === motion && currentAction.current?.getClip() === clip) return;
     const loop = verticalSelection?.loop ?? true;

src/avatar/sharedSkeletons.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { Bone, BufferGeometry, Float32BufferAttribute, Group, Matrix4, MeshBasicMaterial, Skeleton, SkinnedMesh, Vector3 } from "three";
+import { clone } from "three/examples/jsm/utils/SkeletonUtils.js";
+import { shareClonedSkeletons } from "./sharedSkeletons";
+
+function skinnedMesh(bone: Bone, inverse = new Matrix4()): SkinnedMesh {
+  const geometry = new BufferGeometry();
+  geometry.setAttribute("position", new Float32BufferAttribute([1, 0, 0], 3));
+  geometry.setAttribute("skinIndex", new Float32BufferAttribute([0, 0, 0, 0], 4));
+  geometry.setAttribute("skinWeight", new Float32BufferAttribute([1, 0, 0, 0], 4));
+  const mesh = new SkinnedMesh(geometry, new MeshBasicMaterial());
+  mesh.bind(new Skeleton([bone], [inverse]), new Matrix4());
+  return mesh;
+}
+
+function character(): Group {
+  const root = new Group();
+  const bone = new Bone();
+  bone.name = "spine";
+  root.add(bone, skinnedMesh(bone), skinnedMesh(bone));
+  return root;
+}
+
+describe("shared skeleton palettes in character clones", () => {
+  it("preserves posed vertices and each mesh's bind transform while sharing uploads", () => {
+    const root = character();
+    const first = root.children[1] as SkinnedMesh;
+    const second = root.children[2] as SkinnedMesh;
+    second.bindMatrix.makeTranslation(0, 2, 0);
+    root.children[0].rotation.z = 0.5;
+    root.updateMatrixWorld(true);
+    const poseBefore = [first, second].map((mesh) => mesh.applyBoneTransform(0, new Vector3(1, 0, 0)));
+    const bindBefore = second.bindMatrix.clone();
+    expect(shareClonedSkeletons(root)).toBe(1);
+    expect(first.skeleton).toBe(second.skeleton);
+    expect(second.bindMatrix.equals(bindBefore)).toBe(true);
+    [first, second].forEach((mesh, index) => {
+      expect(mesh.applyBoneTransform(0, new Vector3(1, 0, 0)).distanceTo(poseBefore[index])).toBeLessThan(1e-9);
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("keeps separate cloned characters and the loader source independently animated", () => {
+    const source = character();
+    const first = clone(source);
+    const second = clone(source);
+    shareClonedSkeletons(first);
+    shareClonedSkeletons(second);
+    const firstMesh = first.children[1] as SkinnedMesh;
+    const secondMesh = second.children[1] as SkinnedMesh;
+    expect(firstMesh.skeleton).not.toBe(secondMesh.skeleton);
+    expect(firstMesh.skeleton.bones[0]).not.toBe(secondMesh.skeleton.bones[0]);
+    first.children[0].position.y = 3;
+    first.updateMatrixWorld(true);
+    second.updateMatrixWorld(true);
+    expect(firstMesh.applyBoneTransform(0, new Vector3(1, 0, 0)).y).toBe(3);
+    expect(secondMesh.applyBoneTransform(0, new Vector3(1, 0, 0)).y).toBe(0);
+    expect(source.children[0].position.y).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it("retains different inverse bind matrices and different bone objects", () => {
+    const root = character();
+    const otherBone = new Bone();
+    otherBone.name = "spine";
+    root.add(skinnedMesh(root.children[0] as Bone, new Matrix4().makeTranslation(1, 0, 0)));
+    root.add(otherBone, skinnedMesh(otherBone));
+    expect(shareClonedSkeletons(root)).toBe(1);
+    const meshes = root.children.filter((node) => (node as SkinnedMesh).isSkinnedMesh) as SkinnedMesh[];
+    expect(new Set(meshes.map((mesh) => mesh.skeleton)).size).toBe(3);
+  });
+
+  it("disposes redundant bone textures once and tolerates already shared skeletons", () => {
+    const root = character();
+    const first = root.children[1] as SkinnedMesh;
+    const second = root.children[2] as SkinnedMesh;
+    second.skeleton.computeBoneTexture();
+    const dispose = vi.spyOn(second.skeleton.boneTexture!, "dispose");
+    expect(shareClonedSkeletons(root)).toBe(1);
+    expect(dispose).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(shareClonedSkeletons(root)).toBe(0);
+    expect(first.skeleton).toBe(second.skeleton);
+    expect(dispose).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+});

src/avatar/sharedSkeletons.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import type { Object3D, Skeleton, SkinnedMesh } from "three";
+
+function samePalette(left: Skeleton, right: Skeleton): boolean {
+  return left.bones.length === right.bones.length
+    && left.boneInverses.length === right.boneInverses.length
+    && left.bones.every((bone, index) => bone === right.bones[index])
+    && left.boneInverses.every((inverse, index) => inverse.equals(right.boneInverses[index]));
+}
+
+/** Share identical palettes within an owned clone, never across characters. */
+export function shareClonedSkeletons(root: Object3D): number {
+  const palettes = new Map<Skeleton["bones"][number] | undefined, Skeleton[]>();
+  const redundant = new Set<Skeleton>();
+  root.traverse((node) => {
+    const mesh = node as SkinnedMesh;
+    if (!mesh.isSkinnedMesh) return;
+    const skeleton = mesh.skeleton;
+    const firstBone = skeleton.bones[0];
+    const candidates = palettes.get(firstBone) ?? [];
+    const shared = candidates.find((candidate) => samePalette(candidate, skeleton));
+    if (shared) {
+      if (shared !== skeleton) {
+        mesh.skeleton = shared;
+        redundant.add(skeleton);
+      }
+    } else {
+      candidates.push(skeleton);
+      palettes.set(firstBone, candidates);
+    }
+  });
+  for (const skeleton of redundant) skeleton.dispose();
+  return redundant.size;
+}

src/scene/DungeonOccludedHtml.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import { Html } from "@react-three/drei";
+import { useFrame } from "@react-three/fiber";
+import { useRapier } from "@react-three/rapier";
+import { useRef, useState, type ComponentPropsWithoutRef } from "react";
+import { Group, Vector3 } from "three";
+import { hasDungeonLabelLineOfSight } from "./dungeonLabelVisibility";
+
+const VISIBILITY_INTERVAL = 0.1;
+
+/** Keeps world labels behind solid geometry without raycasting visual GLBs. */
+export function DungeonOccludedHtml({
+  position = [0, 0, 0],
+  style,
+  ...props
+}: Omit<ComponentPropsWithoutRef<typeof Html>, "position" | "occlude" | "onOcclude"> & {
+  readonly position?: readonly [number, number, number];
+}) {
+  const { rapier, world } = useRapier();
+  const anchor = useRef<Group>(null);
+  const cameraPosition = useRef(new Vector3());
+  const labelPosition = useRef(new Vector3());
+  const projected = useRef(new Vector3());
+  const elapsed = useRef(VISIBILITY_INTERVAL);
+  const visibleRef = useRef(false);
+  const [visible, setVisible] = useState(false);
+
+  useFrame(({ camera }, delta) => {
+    elapsed.current += delta;
+    if (elapsed.current < VISIBILITY_INTERVAL || !anchor.current) return;
+    elapsed.current = 0;
+    anchor.current.getWorldPosition(labelPosition.current);
+    projected.current.copy(labelPosition.current).project(camera);
+    const point = projected.current;
+    const onScreen = Math.abs(point.x) <= 1 && Math.abs(point.y) <= 1 && Math.abs(point.z) <= 1;
+    camera.getWorldPosition(cameraPosition.current);
+    const next = onScreen && hasDungeonLabelLineOfSight(rapier, world, cameraPosition.current, labelPosition.current);
+    if (next === visibleRef.current) return;
+    visibleRef.current = next;
+    setVisible(next);
+  });
+
+  return (
+    <group ref={anchor} position={[...position]}>
+      <Html {...props} style={{ ...style, visibility: visible ? "visible" : "hidden" }} />
+    </group>
+  );
+}

src/scene/GameScene.tsx

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 import {
   useCallback,
   useEffect,
+  useLayoutEffect,
   useMemo,
   useRef,
   useState,
   useSyncExternalStore,
   type PointerEvent as ReactPointerEvent,
 } from "react";
-import { Canvas } from "@react-three/fiber";
+import { Canvas, useThree } from "@react-three/fiber";
 import { Physics } from "@react-three/rapier";
 import { requireDungeonDefinition } from "../game/dungeonRegistry";
 import { spawnMatchesDifficulty } from "../game/mobPopulation";
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ import {
 } from "../game/inputManager";
 import { useGameStore } from "../game/store";
 import { DungeonEnvironment } from "./DungeonEnvironment";
+import { dungeonRenderDistance } from "./dungeonRenderDistance";
 import { MobPopulation } from "./MobPopulation";
 import { PartyPopulation } from "./PartyPopulation";
 import { GroundEffectTelegraphs } from "./GroundEffectTelegraphs";
@@ -69,6 +71,17 @@ import {
   suppressCompletedDungeonPopulation,
 } from "../game/dungeonEncounterSpawns";
 
+function DungeonCameraRange({ far }: { readonly far: number }) {
+  const camera = useThree((state) => state.camera);
+  useLayoutEffect(() => {
+    // Canvas preserves its camera across encounters; initial camera props alone
+    // do not update the clipping distance when switching dungeon packages.
+    camera.far = far;
+    camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
+  }, [camera, far]);
+  return null;
+}
+
 export function GameScene() {
   const activeDungeonId = useGameStore((state) => state.activeDungeonId);
   const gameMode = useGameStore((state) => state.gameMode);
@@ -85,16 +98,7 @@ export function GameScene() {
   const completedObjectiveIds = gameMode === "dungeon"
     ? activeDungeonCompletedObjectiveIds(activeDungeonId)
     : [];
-  const cameraFar = Math.max(
-    950,
-    Math.min(
-      10_000,
-      Math.hypot(
-        dungeon.bounds.max[0] - dungeon.bounds.min[0],
-        dungeon.bounds.max[2] - dungeon.bounds.min[2],
-      ) * 1.35,
-    ),
-  );
+  const cameraFar = dungeonRenderDistance(dungeon);
   const stagePresentation = resolveStagePresentation(gameMode, manastormEncounter, {
     title: dungeon.title,
     mapId: dungeon.mapId,
@@ -332,6 +336,7 @@ export function GameScene() {
           powerPreference: safeGraphics ? "default" : "high-performance",
         }}
       >
+        <DungeonCameraRange far={cameraFar} />
         {frameloop === "never" && targetFps !== null && (
           <CappedFrameLoop
             active={documentVisible || sharedOnline}
@@ -355,7 +360,7 @@ export function GameScene() {
             />
           )}
           {import.meta.env.DEV && <DevelopmentPerformanceProbe />}
-          <color attach="background" args={[dungeon.presentation.background]} />
+          <color attach="background" args={[dungeon.presentation.fog.color]} />
           <fog attach="fog" args={[dungeon.presentation.fog.color, dungeon.presentation.fog.near, dungeon.presentation.fog.far]} />
           <ambientLight intensity={dungeon.presentation.ambientLight.intensity} color={dungeon.presentation.ambientLight.color} />
           <hemisphereLight args={[

src/scene/MobNameplatePresentation.test.ts

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ const source = readFileSync(new URL("./MobPopulation.tsx", import.meta.url), "ut
 
 describe("mob nameplate presentation", () => {
   it("occludes boss names against dungeon geometry", () => {
-    const nameplate = source.match(/\{showLabel && !dead \? \([\s\S]*?<\/Html>\s*\) : null\}/)?.[0] ?? "";
+    const nameplate = source.match(/\{showLabel && !dead \? \([\s\S]*?<\/DungeonOccludedHtml>\s*\) : null\}/)?.[0] ?? "";
 
-    expect(nameplate).toContain('occlude="raycast"');
+    expect(nameplate).toContain("<DungeonOccludedHtml");
+    expect(source).not.toContain('occlude="raycast"');
   });
 
   it("keeps boss names larger and differently colored", () => {

src/scene/MobPopulation.tsx

@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ import {
 import { useGameGLTF } from "./useGameGLTF";
 import { onlineSynchronizedMobTransform, requestOnlineInteraction } from "../game/onlineSessionRuntime";
 import { isMobAggroRangeVisible } from "./mobAggroRangeVisibility";
+import { DungeonOccludedHtml } from "./DungeonOccludedHtml";
 
 const MOVEMENT_LOCKING_MOB_STATUSES: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set([
   "stun", "root", "sleep", "knockdown", "freeze", "charm", "confuse",
@@ -1037,9 +1038,8 @@ function ProxyMob({
       <MobHealthPlate instanceId={instanceId} height={labelHeight - (showLabel ? 0.38 : 0)} boss={boss} />
 
       {showLabel && !dead ? (
-        <Html
+        <DungeonOccludedHtml
           center
-          occlude="raycast"
           position={[0, labelHeight, 0]}
           distanceFactor={13}
           style={boss ? bossLabelStyle : mobLabelStyle}
@@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ function ProxyMob({
             <div>{definition.name}</div>
             {boss ? <div style={{ fontSize: "0.78em", fontWeight: 600, opacity: 0.85 }}>{definition.title}</div> : null}
           </div>
-        </Html>
+        </DungeonOccludedHtml>
       ) : null}
       {lootable ? (
         <Html

src/scene/ProductionDungeon.test.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
 import {
   AdditiveBlending,
   BufferAttribute,
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ import {
   prepareCollision,
 } from "./productionDungeonCollision";
 import { prepareDungeonMaterial } from "./productionDungeonMaterials";
+import { WAILING_CAVERNS_DEFINITION } from "../game/dungeons/wailingCaverns";
 
 const EMPTY_MATERIAL_ROLES = {
   cutoutPatterns: [],
@@ -110,10 +112,45 @@ describe("streamed dungeon collision preparation", () => {
 });
 
 describe("streamed dungeon material preparation", () => {
+  it("renders the shipped Wailing Caverns walls as opaque depth-writing surfaces", () => {
+    const buffer = readFileSync(new URL(
+      "../assets/game/dungeons/wailing-caverns/wailing-caverns-visual.glb",
+      import.meta.url,
+    ));
+    const gltf = JSON.parse(buffer.toString("utf8", 20, 20 + buffer.readUInt32LE(12))) as {
+      materials: { name: string; alphaMode?: string }[];
+    };
+    const walls = gltf.materials.filter((material) => /cavernwall|cavernfloor|cavernceiling/.test(material.name));
+    expect(walls.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    for (const wall of walls) {
+      const source = new MeshStandardMaterial({ name: wall.name, transparent: wall.alphaMode === "BLEND" });
+      const prepared = prepareDungeonMaterial(
+        source,
+        WAILING_CAVERNS_DEFINITION.presentation.materials,
+        WAILING_CAVERNS_DEFINITION.environmentMode,
+      );
+      expect(prepared.transparent, wall.name).toBe(false);
+      expect(prepared.depthWrite, wall.name).toBe(true);
+      expect(prepared.opacity, wall.name).toBe(1);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it.each(["global-wmo", "adt-hybrid"] as const)("keeps authored WoW transparency in %s", (mode) => {
+    const roles = WAILING_CAVERNS_DEFINITION.presentation.materials;
+    const vine = prepareDungeonMaterial(new MeshStandardMaterial({ name: "mat_snktmpvine", transparent: true }), roles, mode);
+    const water = prepareDungeonMaterial(new MeshStandardMaterial({ name: "WailingWater", opacity: 0.37 }), roles, mode);
+    expect(vine.transparent).toBe(false);
+    expect(vine.alphaTest).toBe(0.5);
+    expect(vine.depthWrite).toBe(true);
+    expect(water.transparent).toBe(true);
+    expect(water.opacity).toBe(0.37);
+    expect(water.depthWrite).toBe(false);
+  });
+
   it("preserves alpha blending declared by the source GLB", () => {
     const source = new MeshStandardMaterial({ transparent: true, opacity: 0.2 });
 
-    const prepared = prepareDungeonMaterial(source, EMPTY_MATERIAL_ROLES);
+    const prepared = prepareDungeonMaterial(source, EMPTY_MATERIAL_ROLES, "runewaker-ros");
 
     expect(prepared).not.toBe(source);
     expect(prepared.transparent).toBe(true);
@@ -126,7 +163,7 @@ describe("streamed dungeon material preparation", () => {
   it("preserves alpha masking declared by the source GLB", () => {
     const source = new MeshStandardMaterial({ alphaTest: 0.37, transparent: false });
 
-    const prepared = prepareDungeonMaterial(source, EMPTY_MATERIAL_ROLES);
+    const prepared = prepareDungeonMaterial(source, EMPTY_MATERIAL_ROLES, "runewaker-ros");
 
     expect(prepared.transparent).toBe(false);
     expect(prepared.opacity).toBe(1);
@@ -141,7 +178,7 @@ describe("streamed dungeon material preparation", () => {
       additiveNames: ["LIGHT-VOLUME"],
     };
 
-    const prepared = prepareDungeonMaterial(source, roles);
+    const prepared = prepareDungeonMaterial(source, roles, "runewaker-ros");
 
     expect(prepared.transparent).toBe(true);
     expect(prepared.depthWrite).toBe(false);

src/scene/ProductionDungeon.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { Suspense, useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
 import { RigidBody, TrimeshCollider } from "@react-three/rapier";
+import { useThree } from "@react-three/fiber";
 import {
   Mesh,
   type InstancedMesh,
@@ -7,7 +8,7 @@ import {
   type Object3D,
 } from "three";
 import type { ResolvedDungeonAssets } from "../game/dungeonAssets";
-import type { DungeonDefinition, DungeonMaterialRoles } from "../game/dungeonTypes";
+import type { DungeonDefinition } from "../game/dungeonTypes";
 import { useGameStore } from "../game/store";
 import {
   collisionLineOfSightTrimeshes,
@@ -19,7 +20,8 @@ import {
   DUNGEON_SIGHT_BLOCKER_COLLISION_GROUPS,
 } from "./dungeonLineOfSight";
 import { disposeObject3DResources } from "./threeResourceDisposal";
-import { instanceRepeatedStaticMeshes } from "./staticSceneInstancing";
+import { cacheStaticMatrices, instanceRepeatedStaticMeshes } from "./staticSceneInstancing";
+import { createStaticVisibilityCells, registerStaticVisibility } from "./staticSceneVisibility";
 import { useGameGLTF } from "./useGameGLTF";
 import { prepareDungeonMaterial } from "./productionDungeonMaterials";
 import {
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ import {
   advanceDungeonAssetCount,
 } from "./dungeonLoadSequencing";
 
-function prepareVisual(root: Object3D, roles: DungeonMaterialRoles): Object3D {
+function prepareVisual(root: Object3D, definition: DungeonDefinition) {
   const clone = root.clone(true);
   const clonedMaterials = new Map<string, Material>();
   clone.traverse((node) => {
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ function prepareVisual(root: Object3D, roles: DungeonMaterialRoles): Object3D {
     const prepared = sources.map((source) => {
       const cached = clonedMaterials.get(source.uuid);
       if (cached) return cached;
-      const next = prepareDungeonMaterial(source, roles);
+      const next = prepareDungeonMaterial(source, definition.presentation.materials, definition.environmentMode);
       clonedMaterials.set(source.uuid, next);
       return next;
     });
@@ -52,15 +54,19 @@ function prepareVisual(root: Object3D, roles: DungeonMaterialRoles): Object3D {
     }
   });
   instanceRepeatedStaticMeshes(clone);
-  return clone;
+  const cells = createStaticVisibilityCells(clone);
+  cacheStaticMatrices(clone);
+  return { visual: clone, cells };
 }
 
 function VisualChunk({ url, definition }: { readonly url: string; readonly definition: DungeonDefinition }) {
   const gltf = useGameGLTF(url);
-  const visual = useMemo(
-    () => prepareVisual(gltf.scene, definition.presentation.materials),
-    [definition.presentation.materials, gltf.scene],
+  const scene = useThree((state) => state.scene);
+  const { visual, cells } = useMemo(
+    () => prepareVisual(gltf.scene, definition),
+    [definition, gltf.scene],
   );
+  useEffect(() => registerStaticVisibility(scene, cells), [scene, cells]);
   useEffect(() => () => { disposeObject3DResources(visual); }, [visual]);
   const { position, rotation, scale } = definition.transform;
   return <primitive object={visual} position={position} rotation={rotation} scale={scale} />;

src/scene/WorldNpcPrompt.test.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ describe("world NPC prompts", () => {
     const promptSource = readFileSync(new URL("./WorldNpcPrompt.tsx", import.meta.url), "utf8");
     const naralexSource = readFileSync(new URL("./WailingNaralexEvent.tsx", import.meta.url), "utf8");
 
-    expect(promptSource).toContain('occlude="raycast"');
+    expect(promptSource).toContain("<DungeonOccludedHtml");
+    expect(promptSource).not.toContain('occlude="raycast"');
     expect(naralexSource).toContain("<WorldNpcPrompt");
     expect(naralexSource).not.toContain("<Html");
   });

src/scene/WorldNpcPrompt.tsx

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-import { Html } from "@react-three/drei";
 import { useFrame } from "@react-three/fiber";
 import { useRef, useState, type ReactNode } from "react";
 import { Group, Vector3 } from "three";
 import type { MobVector3 } from "../game/mobPopulation";
 import { useGameStore } from "../game/store";
+import { DungeonOccludedHtml } from "./DungeonOccludedHtml";
 
 export const WORLD_NPC_PROMPT_MAX_DISTANCE = 22;
 
@@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ export function WorldNpcPrompt({
   return (
     <group ref={anchorRef} position={[position[0], position[1], position[2]]}>
       {visible ? (
-        <Html center occlude="raycast" zIndexRange={[zIndexRange[0], zIndexRange[1]]}>
+        <DungeonOccludedHtml center zIndexRange={[zIndexRange[0], zIndexRange[1]]}>
           {children}
-        </Html>
+        </DungeonOccludedHtml>
       ) : null}
     </group>
   );

src/scene/dungeonLabelVisibility.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+import RAPIER from "@dimforge/rapier3d-compat";
+import { beforeAll, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { DUNGEON_PHYSICAL_COLLISION_GROUPS, DUNGEON_SIGHT_BLOCKER_COLLISION_GROUPS } from "./dungeonLineOfSight";
+import { hasDungeonLabelLineOfSight } from "./dungeonLabelVisibility";
+
+beforeAll(async () => { await RAPIER.init(); });
+
+const CAMERA = { x: 0, y: 2, z: 0 };
+const LABEL = { x: 4, y: 2, z: 0 };
+
+describe("dungeon label occlusion", () => {
+  it("hides labels behind solid dungeon walls using the physical spatial index", () => {
+    const world = new RAPIER.World({ x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 });
+    try {
+      world.createCollider(RAPIER.ColliderDesc.cuboid(0.1, 3, 3)
+        .setTranslation(2, 2, 0).setCollisionGroups(DUNGEON_PHYSICAL_COLLISION_GROUPS));
+      world.step();
+      expect(hasDungeonLabelLineOfSight(RAPIER, world, CAMERA, LABEL)).toBe(false);
+      expect(hasDungeonLabelLineOfSight(RAPIER, world, CAMERA, { x: 1, y: 2, z: 0 })).toBe(true);
+    } finally { world.free(); }
+  });
+
+  it("occludes across floors and ceilings at the exact camera and label heights", () => {
+    const world = new RAPIER.World({ x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 });
+    try {
+      world.createCollider(RAPIER.ColliderDesc.cuboid(5, 0.1, 5)
+        .setTranslation(0, 1, 0).setCollisionGroups(DUNGEON_PHYSICAL_COLLISION_GROUPS));
+      world.step();
+      expect(hasDungeonLabelLineOfSight(RAPIER, world, CAMERA, { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 })).toBe(false);
+      expect(hasDungeonLabelLineOfSight(RAPIER, world, CAMERA, LABEL)).toBe(true);
+    } finally { world.free(); }
+  });
+
+  it("ignores actors, trigger volumes, and the duplicate combat sight layer", () => {
+    const world = new RAPIER.World({ x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 });
+    try {
+      const actor = world.createRigidBody(RAPIER.RigidBodyDesc.kinematicPositionBased());
+      world.createCollider(RAPIER.ColliderDesc.cuboid(0.1, 3, 3).setTranslation(1, 2, 0), actor);
+      world.createCollider(RAPIER.ColliderDesc.cuboid(0.1, 3, 3).setTranslation(2, 2, 0)
+        .setSensor(true).setCollisionGroups(DUNGEON_PHYSICAL_COLLISION_GROUPS));
+      world.createCollider(RAPIER.ColliderDesc.cuboid(0.1, 3, 3).setTranslation(3, 2, 0)
+        .setSensor(true).setCollisionGroups(DUNGEON_SIGHT_BLOCKER_COLLISION_GROUPS));
+      world.step();
+      expect(hasDungeonLabelLineOfSight(RAPIER, world, CAMERA, LABEL)).toBe(true);
+    } finally { world.free(); }
+  });
+
+  it("does not query past a label or hide one at the camera position", () => {
+    const world = new RAPIER.World({ x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 });
+    try {
+      world.createCollider(RAPIER.ColliderDesc.cuboid(0.1, 3, 3).setTranslation(5, 2, 0));
+      world.step();
+      expect(hasDungeonLabelLineOfSight(RAPIER, world, CAMERA, LABEL)).toBe(true);
+      expect(hasDungeonLabelLineOfSight(RAPIER, world, CAMERA, CAMERA)).toBe(true);
+      expect(hasDungeonLabelLineOfSight(RAPIER, world, CAMERA, { x: NaN, y: 2, z: 0 })).toBe(false);
+    } finally { world.free(); }
+  });
+});

src/scene/dungeonLabelVisibility.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import type { Ray, Vector, World } from "@dimforge/rapier3d-compat";
+import { interactionGroups } from "@react-three/rapier";
+
+interface LabelRapierApi {
+  readonly Ray: new (origin: Vector, direction: Vector) => Ray;
+  readonly QueryFilterFlags: {
+    readonly ONLY_FIXED: number;
+    readonly EXCLUDE_SENSORS: number;
+  };
+}
+
+const LABEL_OCCLUSION_GROUPS = interactionGroups(0, 0);
+const LABEL_SURFACE_MARGIN = 0.08;
+
+/** Uses Rapier's spatial index, bounded to the camera-to-label segment. */
+export function hasDungeonLabelLineOfSight(
+  rapier: LabelRapierApi,
+  world: World,
+  camera: Vector,
+  label: Vector,
+): boolean {
+  const dx = label.x - camera.x;
+  const dy = label.y - camera.y;
+  const dz = label.z - camera.z;
+  const distance = Math.hypot(dx, dy, dz);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(distance)) return false;
+  if (distance <= LABEL_SURFACE_MARGIN) return true;
+  const ray = new rapier.Ray(camera, { x: dx / distance, y: dy / distance, z: dz / distance });
+  return !world.castRay(
+    ray,
+    distance - LABEL_SURFACE_MARGIN,
+    true,
+    rapier.QueryFilterFlags.ONLY_FIXED | rapier.QueryFilterFlags.EXCLUDE_SENSORS,
+    LABEL_OCCLUSION_GROUPS,
+  );
+}

src/scene/dungeonMaterialAudit.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import { closeSync, openSync, readSync } from "node:fs";
+import path from "node:path";
+import { MeshStandardMaterial } from "three";
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { DUNGEON_DEFINITIONS } from "../game/dungeonRegistry";
+import { prepareDungeonMaterial } from "./productionDungeonMaterials";
+
+interface GltfMaterial {
+  name?: string;
+  alphaMode?: string;
+  alphaCutoff?: number;
+  pbrMetallicRoughness?: { baseColorFactor?: number[] };
+}
+
+function shippedMaterials(file: string): GltfMaterial[] {
+  const descriptor = openSync(file, "r");
+  try {
+    const header = Buffer.alloc(20);
+    expect(readSync(descriptor, header, 0, 20, 0)).toBe(20);
+    expect(header.toString("utf8", 0, 4)).toBe("glTF");
+    const json = Buffer.alloc(header.readUInt32LE(12));
+    expect(readSync(descriptor, json, 0, json.length, 20)).toBe(json.length);
+    return (JSON.parse(json.toString("utf8")) as { materials: GltfMaterial[] }).materials;
+  } finally {
+    closeSync(descriptor);
+  }
+}
+
+const wowDungeons = DUNGEON_DEFINITIONS.filter((definition) => definition.expansion !== "runewaker");
+
+describe("shipped WoW dungeon material policies", () => {
+  it("covers all 54 campaign dungeons", () => {
+    expect(wowDungeons).toHaveLength(54);
+  });
+
+  it.each(wowDungeons)("retains authored opacity and effect roles in $title", (definition) => {
+    let opaqueCount = 0;
+    const roles = definition.presentation.materials;
+    const matches = (name: string, patterns: readonly string[], names: readonly string[]) => (
+      names.some((candidate) => candidate.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase())
+      || patterns.some((pattern) => new RegExp(pattern, "i").test(name))
+    );
+    for (const chunk of definition.assets.visual) {
+      const file = chunk.url
+        ? path.join(process.cwd(), "public", chunk.url)
+        : path.join(process.cwd(), "src/assets/game/dungeons", definition.id, chunk.fileName);
+      for (const raw of shippedMaterials(file)) {
+        const name = raw.name ?? "";
+        const source = new MeshStandardMaterial({
+          name,
+          transparent: raw.alphaMode === "BLEND",
+          alphaTest: raw.alphaMode === "MASK" ? raw.alphaCutoff ?? 0.5 : 0,
+          opacity: raw.pbrMetallicRoughness?.baseColorFactor?.[3] ?? 1,
+        });
+        const prepared = prepareDungeonMaterial(source, roles, definition.environmentMode);
+        const cutout = matches(name, roles.cutoutPatterns, roles.cutoutNames);
+        const blended = !cutout && (matches(name, roles.blendPatterns, roles.blendNames)
+          || matches(name, roles.additivePatterns, roles.additiveNames));
+        expect(prepared.transparent, name).toBe(blended);
+        expect(prepared.depthWrite, name).toBe(!blended);
+        if (!cutout && !blended) {
+          opaqueCount += 1;
+          expect(prepared.opacity, name).toBe(1);
+          expect(prepared.alphaTest, name).toBe(0);
+        }
+        prepared.dispose();
+        source.dispose();
+      }
+    }
+    expect(opaqueCount).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+  });
+});

src/scene/dungeonRenderDistance.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { DUNGEON_DEFINITIONS } from "../game/dungeonRegistry";
+import { dungeonRenderDistance } from "./dungeonRenderDistance";
+
+describe("dungeon render distance", () => {
+  it.each(DUNGEON_DEFINITIONS)("clips only beyond complete fog in $title", (dungeon) => {
+    const far = dungeonRenderDistance(dungeon);
+    expect(far).toBeGreaterThan(dungeon.presentation.fog.near);
+    expect(far).toBe(dungeon.presentation.fog.far);
+  });
+});

src/scene/dungeonRenderDistance.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import type { DungeonDefinition } from "../game/dungeonTypes";
+
+export function dungeonRenderDistance(dungeon: DungeonDefinition): number {
+  const boundsDistance = Math.max(950, Math.min(10_000, Math.hypot(
+    dungeon.bounds.max[0] - dungeon.bounds.min[0],
+    dungeon.bounds.max[2] - dungeon.bounds.min[2],
+  ) * 1.35));
+  const fogFar = dungeon.presentation.fog.far;
+  // Linear fog has completely obscured surfaces at this camera-space depth.
+  // The background must use the fog color so clipping cannot reveal a horizon.
+  return Number.isFinite(fogFar) && fogFar > 1
+    ? Math.min(boundsDistance, fogFar)
+    : boundsDistance;
+}

src/scene/frameRateGovernor.test.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,22 @@ function renderCount(targetFps: 30 | 60, sourceFps: number, durationMs = 1_000):
 }
 
 describe("frame-rate governor", () => {
+  it.each([60, 120])("keeps 60 FPS evenly spaced with rounded %i Hz callbacks", (sourceFps) => {
+    let state = createFrameRateGovernor(60);
+    const rendered: number[] = [];
+    for (let frame = 0; frame <= sourceFps * 5; frame += 1) {
+      const timestamp = Math.round(frame * 1_000 / sourceFps * 10) / 10;
+      const step = stepFrameRateGovernor(state, timestamp);
+      state = step.state;
+      if (step.shouldRender) rendered.push(timestamp);
+    }
+    expect(rendered).toHaveLength(301);
+    for (let index = 1; index < rendered.length; index += 1) {
+      expect(rendered[index] - rendered[index - 1]).toBeGreaterThan(16.5);
+      expect(rendered[index] - rendered[index - 1]).toBeLessThan(16.8);
+    }
+  });
+
   it("holds capped modes near their target on high-refresh displays", () => {
     expect(renderCount(30, 144)).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(30);
     expect(renderCount(30, 144)).toBeLessThanOrEqual(31);

src/scene/frameRateGovernor.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 export type FrameRateGovernorMode = number | "display";
 
+// rAF timestamps can fall just before a deadline due to rounding/jitter.
+// Keep the fixed deadline sequence, but avoid skipping a whole refresh for a
+// sub-millisecond difference (especially 60 FPS on a 120 Hz display).
+const DEADLINE_TOLERANCE_MS = 0.5;
+
 export interface FrameRateGovernorState {
   readonly mode: FrameRateGovernorMode;
   readonly lastTimestampMs: number | null;
@@ -66,7 +71,7 @@ export function stepFrameRateGovernor(
   }
 
   const deadlineMs = state.nextDeadlineMs ?? timestampMs;
-  if (timestampMs < deadlineMs) {
+  if (timestampMs + DEADLINE_TOLERANCE_MS < deadlineMs) {
     const nextState: FrameRateGovernorState = {
       ...state,
       lastTimestampMs: timestampMs,
@@ -75,7 +80,9 @@ export function stepFrameRateGovernor(
     return { state: nextState, shouldRender: false, elapsedSeconds };
   }
 
-  const missedIntervals = Math.floor(Math.max(0, timestampMs - deadlineMs) / intervalMs);
+  const missedIntervals = Math.floor(
+    Math.max(0, timestampMs + DEADLINE_TOLERANCE_MS - deadlineMs) / intervalMs,
+  );
   const nextState: FrameRateGovernorState = {
     ...state,
     lastTimestampMs: timestampMs,

src/scene/productionDungeonMaterials.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import {
   NormalBlending,
   type Material,
 } from "three";
-import type { DungeonMaterialRoles } from "../game/dungeonTypes";
+import type { DungeonEnvironmentMode, DungeonMaterialRoles } from "../game/dungeonTypes";
 
 function matchesRole(name: string, patterns: readonly string[], names: readonly string[]): boolean {
   const lower = name.toLowerCase();
@@ -12,7 +12,11 @@ function matchesRole(name: string, patterns: readonly string[], names: readonly
     || patterns.some((pattern) => new RegExp(pattern, "i").test(name));
 }
 
-export function prepareDungeonMaterial(source: Material, roles: DungeonMaterialRoles): Material {
+export function prepareDungeonMaterial(
+  source: Material,
+  roles: DungeonMaterialRoles,
+  environmentMode: DungeonEnvironmentMode,
+): Material {
   const material = source.clone();
   const name = material.name;
   material.side = DoubleSide;
@@ -31,17 +35,19 @@ export function prepareDungeonMaterial(source: Material, roles: DungeonMaterialR
     material.transparent = true;
     material.depthWrite = false;
     material.blending = NormalBlending;
-  } else if (material.alphaTest > 0) {
+  } else if (environmentMode === "runewaker-ros" && material.alphaTest > 0) {
     // Preserve a source GLB's MASK semantics when no presentation override exists.
     material.transparent = false;
     material.opacity = 1;
     material.depthWrite = true;
     material.blending = NormalBlending;
-  } else if (material.transparent) {
+  } else if (environmentMode === "runewaker-ros" && material.transparent) {
     // Preserve a source GLB's BLEND semantics when no presentation override exists.
     material.depthWrite = false;
     material.blending = NormalBlending;
   } else {
+    // Legacy WoW WMO exports label solid walls/floors BLEND. Their authored
+    // presentation roles, rather than the GLB alpha mode, define transparency.
     material.transparent = false;
     material.opacity = 1;
     material.alphaTest = 0;

src/scene/staticSceneInstancing.test.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import {
   BoxGeometry,
   Group,
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import {
   MeshBasicMaterial,
   Vector3,
 } from "three";
-import { instanceRepeatedStaticMeshes } from "./staticSceneInstancing";
+import { cacheStaticMatrices, instanceRepeatedStaticMeshes } from "./staticSceneInstancing";
 
 function batchIn(root: Group): InstancedMesh {
   let result: InstancedMesh | null = null;
@@ -28,6 +28,33 @@ function batchesIn(root: Group): readonly InstancedMesh[] {
 }
 
 describe("static scene instancing", () => {
+  it("caches local transforms without freezing dungeon placement or imported matrices", () => {
+    const parent = new Group();
+    const root = new Group();
+    const mesh = new Mesh(new BoxGeometry(), new MeshBasicMaterial());
+    mesh.matrixAutoUpdate = false;
+    mesh.matrix.makeTranslation(3, 0, 0);
+    parent.add(root);
+    root.add(mesh);
+    const updateChild = vi.spyOn(mesh, "updateMatrixWorld");
+    cacheStaticMatrices(root);
+    root.position.x = 10;
+    parent.position.x = 20;
+    parent.updateMatrixWorld(true);
+    expect(new Vector3().setFromMatrixPosition(mesh.matrixWorld).x).toBe(33);
+    parent.updateMatrixWorld(true);
+    expect(updateChild).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    root.position.x = 15;
+    parent.updateMatrixWorld(true);
+    expect(new Vector3().setFromMatrixPosition(mesh.matrixWorld).x).toBe(38);
+    parent.position.x = 30;
+    parent.updateMatrixWorld(true);
+    expect(new Vector3().setFromMatrixPosition(mesh.matrixWorld).x).toBe(48);
+    expect(updateChild).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+    expect(root.matrixAutoUpdate).toBe(true);
+    expect(mesh.matrixWorldAutoUpdate).toBe(true);
+  });
+
   it("batches repeated meshes while retaining their world transforms", () => {
     const root = new Group();
     root.position.set(10, 0, 0);
@@ -72,6 +99,26 @@ describe("static scene instancing", () => {
     expect(root.children).toContain(existing);
   });
 
+  it("removes containers emptied by batching while preserving authored empty nodes", () => {
+    const root = new Group();
+    const geometry = new BoxGeometry();
+    const material = new MeshBasicMaterial();
+    const authoredMarker = new Group();
+    authoredMarker.name = "authored-marker";
+    root.add(authoredMarker);
+    for (let index = 0; index < 3; index += 1) {
+      const outer = new Group();
+      const inner = new Group();
+      outer.add(inner);
+      inner.add(new Mesh(geometry, material));
+      root.add(outer);
+    }
+    instanceRepeatedStaticMeshes(root);
+    expect(root.children).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(root.children).toContain(authoredMarker);
+    expect(batchIn(root).count).toBe(3);
+  });
+
   it("does not combine meshes whose render state differs", () => {
     const root = new Group();
     const geometry = new BoxGeometry();

src/scene/staticSceneInstancing.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,32 @@ import {
 
 export const STATIC_INSTANCE_CELL_SIZE = 192;
 
+/** Cache an immutable visual subtree while still following its root/parent. */
+export function cacheStaticMatrices(root: Object3D): void {
+  root.traverse((node) => {
+    if (node === root) return;
+    if (node.matrixAutoUpdate) node.updateMatrix();
+    node.matrixAutoUpdate = false;
+  });
+  const updateMatrixWorld = root.updateMatrixWorld;
+  const previousLocal = new Matrix4();
+  const previousParent = new Matrix4();
+  const identity = new Matrix4();
+  let initialized = false;
+  root.updateMatrixWorld = () => {
+    if (root.matrixAutoUpdate) root.updateMatrix();
+    const parentWorld = root.parent?.matrixWorld ?? identity;
+    if (initialized && previousLocal.equals(root.matrix) && previousParent.equals(parentWorld)) {
+      root.matrixWorldNeedsUpdate = false;
+      return;
+    }
+    updateMatrixWorld.call(root, true);
+    previousLocal.copy(root.matrix);
+    previousParent.copy(parentWorld);
+    initialized = true;
+  };
+}
+
 export interface StaticSceneInstancingReport {
   readonly batches: number;
   readonly instances: number;
@@ -86,6 +112,7 @@ export function instanceRepeatedStaticMeshes(
   let batches = 0;
   let instances = 0;
   let removedMeshes = 0;
+  const emptiedParents = new Set<Object3D>();
 
   for (const meshes of groups.values()) {
     if (meshes.length < minimumInstances) continue;
@@ -101,6 +128,7 @@ export function instanceRepeatedStaticMeshes(
     for (let index = 0; index < meshes.length; index += 1) {
       const mesh = meshes[index];
       batch.setMatrixAt(index, new Matrix4().multiplyMatrices(inverseRootWorld, mesh.matrixWorld));
+      if (mesh.parent) emptiedParents.add(mesh.parent);
       mesh.removeFromParent();
     }
     batch.instanceMatrix.needsUpdate = true;
@@ -112,5 +140,17 @@ export function instanceRepeatedStaticMeshes(
     removedMeshes += meshes.length;
   }
 
+  // Imported prop containers can outnumber their meshes after batching. Remove
+  // only containers emptied by this operation, preserving authored scene nodes.
+  for (const candidate of emptiedParents) {
+    let empty: Object3D | null = candidate;
+    while (empty && empty !== root && empty.children.length === 0
+      && (empty.type === "Group" || empty.type === "Object3D")) {
+      const parent: Object3D | null = empty.parent;
+      empty.removeFromParent();
+      empty = parent;
+    }
+  }
+
   return { batches, instances, removedMeshes };
 }

src/scene/staticSceneVisibility.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import {
+  BoxGeometry,
+  BufferGeometry,
+  Frustum,
+  Group,
+  InstancedMesh,
+  Matrix4,
+  Mesh,
+  MeshBasicMaterial,
+  PerspectiveCamera,
+  PointLight,
+  Scene,
+  SkinnedMesh,
+  Vector3,
+  type WebGLRenderer,
+} from "three";
+import { cacheStaticMatrices } from "./staticSceneInstancing";
+import { createStaticVisibilityCells, registerStaticVisibility, updateStaticVisibility } from "./staticSceneVisibility";
+
+function cube(x: number, z: number, width = 1): Mesh {
+  const mesh = new Mesh(new BoxGeometry(width, 1, width), new MeshBasicMaterial());
+  mesh.position.set(x, 0, z);
+  return mesh;
+}
+
+function cameraFrustum(camera: PerspectiveCamera): Frustum {
+  camera.updateMatrixWorld();
+  return new Frustum().setFromProjectionMatrix(
+    new Matrix4().multiplyMatrices(camera.projectionMatrix, camera.matrixWorldInverse),
+  );
+}
+
+describe("static dungeon visibility cells", () => {
+  it("preserves hierarchy transforms, render ordering, and authored visibility", () => {
+    const root = new Group();
+    root.position.set(7, 3, -2);
+    root.rotation.y = 0.4;
+    root.scale.set(2, 1, -3);
+    root.renderOrder = 4;
+    const nested = new Group();
+    nested.position.set(2, 0, 1);
+    nested.add(cube(1, -8));
+    const hidden = cube(0, -5);
+    hidden.visible = false;
+    root.add(nested, hidden);
+    root.updateMatrixWorld(true);
+    const mesh = nested.children[0];
+    const before = mesh.matrixWorld.clone();
+    const cells = createStaticVisibilityCells(root, 64, 1);
+    cacheStaticMatrices(root);
+    root.updateMatrixWorld(true);
+    expect(mesh.matrixWorld.equals(before)).toBe(true);
+    expect(hidden.visible).toBe(false);
+    expect(cells.every((cell) => cell.group.renderOrder === 4)).toBe(true);
+    expect(root.getObjectsByProperty("isMesh", true)).toHaveLength(2);
+  });
+
+  it("keeps walls crossing the view and distant instances visible regardless of their origin", () => {
+    const root = new Group();
+    const front = cube(0, -10);
+    const behind = cube(0, 20);
+    const crossingWall = cube(30, -10, 60);
+    const instances = new InstancedMesh(new BoxGeometry(), new MeshBasicMaterial(), 1);
+    instances.position.z = 150;
+    instances.setMatrixAt(0, new Matrix4().makeTranslation(0, 0, -160));
+    root.add(front, behind, crossingWall, instances);
+    const cells = createStaticVisibilityCells(root, 4, 1);
+    root.updateMatrixWorld(true);
+    const camera = new PerspectiveCamera(60, 1, 0.1, 100);
+    updateStaticVisibility(cells, cameraFrustum(camera));
+    expect(front.parent?.visible).toBe(true);
+    expect(behind.parent?.visible).toBe(false);
+    expect(crossingWall.parent?.visible).toBe(true);
+    expect(instances.parent?.visible).toBe(true);
+    camera.rotation.y = Math.PI;
+    updateStaticVisibility(cells, cameraFrustum(camera));
+    expect(behind.parent?.visible).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("refreshes bounds after mirrored, scaled parent placement changes", () => {
+    const parent = new Group();
+    const root = new Group();
+    const mesh = cube(0, -10);
+    root.add(mesh);
+    parent.add(root);
+    const cells = createStaticVisibilityCells(root, 64, 1);
+    cacheStaticMatrices(root);
+    parent.updateMatrixWorld(true);
+    const frustum = cameraFrustum(new PerspectiveCamera(60, 1, 0.1, 100));
+    updateStaticVisibility(cells, frustum);
+    expect(mesh.parent?.visible).toBe(true);
+    parent.scale.set(2, 1, -1);
+    parent.updateMatrixWorld(true);
+    updateStaticVisibility(cells, frustum);
+    expect(mesh.parent?.visible).toBe(false);
+    parent.position.z = -30;
+    parent.updateMatrixWorld(true);
+    updateStaticVisibility(cells, frustum);
+    expect(mesh.parent?.visible).toBe(true);
+    const position = new Vector3().setFromMatrixPosition(mesh.matrixWorld);
+    expect(cells[0].worldBounds.containsPoint(position)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("leaves lights, animated meshes, and meshes that disable culling alone", () => {
+    const root = new Group();
+    const light = new PointLight();
+    const skin = new SkinnedMesh(new BoxGeometry(), new MeshBasicMaterial());
+    const uncullable = cube(0, -10);
+    uncullable.frustumCulled = false;
+    const plain = cube(0, -10);
+    root.add(light, skin, uncullable, plain);
+    expect(createStaticVisibilityCells(root, 64, 1)).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(light.parent).toBe(root);
+    expect(skin.parent).toBe(root);
+    expect(uncullable.parent).toBe(root);
+    expect(plain.parent).not.toBe(root);
+  });
+
+  it("shares a render hook across streamed chunks and restores it after cleanup", () => {
+    const scene = new Scene();
+    const previous = vi.fn();
+    scene.onBeforeRender = previous;
+    const roots = [new Group(), new Group()];
+    const sets = roots.map((root) => {
+      root.add(cube(0, 20));
+      scene.add(root);
+      return createStaticVisibilityCells(root, 64, 1);
+    });
+    scene.updateMatrixWorld(true);
+    const first = registerStaticVisibility(scene, sets[0]);
+    const callback = scene.onBeforeRender;
+    const second = registerStaticVisibility(scene, sets[1]);
+    expect(scene.onBeforeRender).toBe(callback);
+    const camera = new PerspectiveCamera(60, 1, 0.1, 100);
+    camera.updateMatrixWorld();
+    scene.onBeforeRender({} as WebGLRenderer, scene, camera, new BufferGeometry(), new MeshBasicMaterial(), new Group());
+    expect(previous).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(sets.every((cells) => !cells[0].group.visible)).toBe(true);
+    first();
+    expect(sets[0][0].group.visible).toBe(true);
+    expect(scene.onBeforeRender).toBe(callback);
+    second();
+    expect(scene.onBeforeRender).toBe(previous);
+  });
+});

src/scene/staticSceneVisibility.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+import {
+  Box3,
+  Frustum,
+  Group,
+  Matrix4,
+  Sphere,
+  Vector3,
+  type Mesh,
+  type Object3D,
+  type Scene,
+} from "three";
+
+export interface StaticVisibilityCell {
+  readonly group: Group;
+  readonly bounds: Box3;
+  readonly worldBounds: Box3;
+  readonly worldSphere: Sphere;
+  readonly previousWorld: Matrix4;
+  initialized: boolean;
+}
+
+function canCullSubtree(root: Object3D): boolean {
+  let safe = true;
+  root.traverse((node) => {
+    const mesh = node as Mesh & { isSkinnedMesh?: boolean };
+    if (mesh.isMesh) {
+      if (!mesh.frustumCulled || mesh.isSkinnedMesh || Object.keys(mesh.geometry.morphAttributes).length) safe = false;
+    } else if (node.type !== "Group" && node.type !== "Object3D") {
+      // Do not hide lights, cameras, sprites, or other renderable object types.
+      safe = false;
+    }
+  });
+  return safe;
+}
+
+/** Group static siblings under conservative bounds without merging geometry. */
+export function createStaticVisibilityCells(
+  root: Object3D,
+  cellSize = 64,
+  minimumChildren = 24,
+): readonly StaticVisibilityCell[] {
+  let container = root;
+  while (container.children.length === 1 && container.children[0].type === "Group") {
+    container = container.children[0];
+  }
+  if (container.children.length < minimumChildren) return [];
+  container.updateWorldMatrix(true, true);
+  const inverseWorld = container.matrixWorld.clone().invert();
+  const safeCellSize = Number.isFinite(cellSize) && cellSize > 0 ? cellSize : 64;
+  const center = new Vector3();
+  const cells = new Map<string, StaticVisibilityCell>();
+  for (const child of [...container.children]) {
+    if (!canCullSubtree(child)) continue;
+    const bounds = new Box3().setFromObject(child).applyMatrix4(inverseWorld);
+    if (bounds.isEmpty() || ![...bounds.min.toArray(), ...bounds.max.toArray()].every(Number.isFinite)) continue;
+    bounds.getCenter(center);
+    const key = [center.x, center.y, center.z].map((value) => Math.floor(value / safeCellSize)).join(":");
+    let cell = cells.get(key);
+    if (!cell) {
+      const group = new Group();
+      group.name = `static-visibility:${key}`;
+      group.renderOrder = container.renderOrder;
+      cell = {
+        group,
+        bounds: new Box3(),
+        worldBounds: new Box3(),
+        worldSphere: new Sphere(),
+        previousWorld: new Matrix4(),
+        initialized: false,
+      };
+      cells.set(key, cell);
+      container.add(group);
+    }
+    // The new group has an identity local transform under the same parent.
+    cell.group.add(child);
+    cell.bounds.union(bounds);
+  }
+  return [...cells.values()];
+}
+
+export function updateStaticVisibility(cells: readonly StaticVisibilityCell[], frustum: Frustum): void {
+  for (const cell of cells) {
+    if (!cell.initialized || !cell.previousWorld.equals(cell.group.matrixWorld)) {
+      // Transform the entire box before making a sphere, retaining conservative
+      // bounds with rotated, mirrored, or nonuniformly scaled dungeon roots.
+      cell.worldBounds.copy(cell.bounds).applyMatrix4(cell.group.matrixWorld);
+      cell.worldBounds.getBoundingSphere(cell.worldSphere);
+      cell.previousWorld.copy(cell.group.matrixWorld);
+      cell.initialized = true;
+    }
+    cell.group.visible = frustum.intersectsSphere(cell.worldSphere);
+  }
+}
+
+interface SceneVisibilityRegistration {
+  readonly sets: Set<readonly StaticVisibilityCell[]>;
+  readonly previous: Scene["onBeforeRender"];
+  readonly callback: Scene["onBeforeRender"];
+}
+
+const registrations = new WeakMap<Scene, SceneVisibilityRegistration>();
+
+/** Run after current camera/world matrices are updated, before mesh traversal. */
+export function registerStaticVisibility(scene: Scene, cells: readonly StaticVisibilityCell[]): () => void {
+  if (!cells.length) return () => undefined;
+  let registration = registrations.get(scene);
+  if (!registration) {
+    const sets = new Set<readonly StaticVisibilityCell[]>();
+    const previous = scene.onBeforeRender;
+    const frustum = new Frustum();
+    const projectionView = new Matrix4();
+    const callback: Scene["onBeforeRender"] = (...args) => {
+      previous.apply(scene, args);
+      const camera = args[2];
+      projectionView.multiplyMatrices(camera.projectionMatrix, camera.matrixWorldInverse);
+      frustum.setFromProjectionMatrix(projectionView, camera.coordinateSystem, camera.reversedDepth);
+      for (const set of sets) updateStaticVisibility(set, frustum);
+    };
+    registration = { sets, previous, callback };
+    registrations.set(scene, registration);
+    scene.onBeforeRender = callback;
+  }
+  const active = registration;
+  active.sets.add(cells);
+  return () => {
+    active.sets.delete(cells);
+    for (const cell of cells) cell.group.visible = true;
+    if (active.sets.size) return;
+    if (scene.onBeforeRender === active.callback) scene.onBeforeRender = active.previous;
+    registrations.delete(scene);
+  };
+}