diff --git a/harbor/core.py b/harbor/core.py
index df81669..24905e0 100644
--- a/harbor/core.py
+++ b/harbor/core.py
@@ -990,7 +990,13 @@ class Harbor(WorkMixin, ExtrasMixin, FlowMixin, LaunchMixin):
                           (by, origin, reason, now, key))
                 return False
             if current and current["value"] == "off" and value == "off" and not until_at and not current.get("until"):
-                return False
+                if by != self.human:
+                    return False
+                # the human resuming one agent under a later 'stop everyone': record the time, so this resume is
+                # the most recent decision for that agent (decision() compares set_at)
+                c.execute("UPDATE flags SET set_by=?, origin=?, relay_of=NULL, set_at=? WHERE key=?",
+                          (by, origin, now, key))
+                return True
             c.execute("INSERT INTO flags(key, value, set_by, origin, relay_of, reason, set_at, until) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?) "
                       "ON CONFLICT(key) DO UPDATE SET value=excluded.value, set_by=excluded.set_by, "
                       "origin=excluded.origin, relay_of=excluded.relay_of, reason=excluded.reason, set_at=excluded.set_at, "
diff --git a/tests/test_core.py b/tests/test_core.py
index 0fa6fc1..aadbd5f 100644
--- a/tests/test_core.py
+++ b/tests/test_core.py
@@ -225,6 +225,19 @@ class Review(HarborCase):
 
 
 class Control(HarborCase):
+    def test_resume_one_agent_under_stop_all(self):
+        """Resuming one agent whose own flag is already off still overrides a later 'stop everyone'."""
+        self.h.set_flag("stop:Claude", "off", "User", "web")
+        self.clock.t += 60
+        self.h.set_flag("stop:all", "on", "User", "web")
+        self.assertTrue(self.h.stopped("Claude"))
+        self.clock.t += 60
+        self.h.set_flag("stop:Claude", "off", "User", "web")
+        self.assertFalse(self.h.stopped("Claude"))
+        self.assertTrue(self.h.stopped("Codex"))
+        with self.assertRaises(HarborError):
+            self.h.set_flag("stop:Codex", "off", "Claude", "cli")      # still the human's alone
+
     def test_stop_and_resume_rules(self):
         with self.assertRaises(HarborError):
             self.h.set_flag("stop:all", "on", "User", "cli")